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PEOPLE

Language
The official languages are English and Swahili, but there are more than 50 languages in use, including Kikuyu and Kamba.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	39.8 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	36.5 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	36.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	35.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	34.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	33.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	32.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	32.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	31.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
85.4 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
The main ethnic groups include the Kikuyu, Luyia and Luo. There are also Indian and Arab minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Most are Christian (66 percent), 6 percent are Muslim and 20 percent practise traditional African religions.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	21.3 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	21.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	20.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	20.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	20.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	20.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	19.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	19.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1919 1963
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
86 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	42.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	42.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	43.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	42.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	42.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	43.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +3

Climate description
In the coastal regions April to May is the wettest season and to a lesser extent from October to November, although rain occurs in all months, with high temperatures and humidity tempered by onshore breezes. Very low rainfall and high temperatures year round in northern frontier area and inland plateaux. The highlands in the centre and west of the country have a double rainy season of moderate amounts. Temperatures low enough for frost or snow prevail in the higher mountain regions

Currency
Shilling

Telephone dialling code
(+) 254

Driving (left/right)
Left

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	52.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	47.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	47.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	45.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	46.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	50.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	51.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	48.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	48.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	44.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	44.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	50.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	53.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	46.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	46.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	46.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	47.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	51.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	80 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	79 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	79 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	79 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	79 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	78 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	78 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	77 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	121 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	121 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	120 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	120 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	123 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	122 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	122 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	120 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	42 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	42 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	41 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	44 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	44 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	44 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	560 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	1000 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	148	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	152	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	154	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	148	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	146	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	134	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	20 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	20 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	20 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	20 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	20 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	21 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	23 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	23 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	32 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	31 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	31 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	57 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	61 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	62 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	57 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	42 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	43 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	48 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	87 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	73.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	73.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	84.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	83.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	82.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	77.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	77.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	90 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	89.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	88.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	70.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	70.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	78.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	77.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	76.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	10 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	10 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	10 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	419 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	301 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	200 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	129 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	73 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	47 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	36 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	19 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	87 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	80 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	79 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	32 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	32 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	31 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	13 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	6 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	147 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	150 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	142 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	144 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	129 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	122 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	96 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	84 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	82 (joint)	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
No (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	22.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	22.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	22.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	23.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	23.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	640 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	580 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	520 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	460 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	420 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	390 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	410 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	420 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	24.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	22.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	18.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	16.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	14.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	13.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	13.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	12.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	6.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	5.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	5.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	2.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	0.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	3.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	0.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	4.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	7.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	5.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	7.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	6.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	0.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	6.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
33.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	14 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	14 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	14 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	14 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	No data available percent
2006	No data available percent
2005	No data available percent
2004	No data available percent
2003	No data available percent

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country. There is little risk in Nairobi and in the highlands of Central and Eastern Nyanza, Rift Valley and western provinces. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	353 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	371 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	406 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	441 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	436 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	419 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	408 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	405 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	9688	UNHCR
2007	7546	UNHCR
2006	5356	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	4620	UNHCR
2004	3847	UNHCR
2003	3163	UNHCR
2002	3098	UNHCR
2001	2559	UNHCR
2000	2373	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	320605	UNHCR
2007	265729	UNHCR
2006	272531	UNHCR
2005	251271	UNHCR
2004	239835	UNHCR
2003	237512	UNHCR
2002	233671	UNHCR
2001	239221	UNHCR
2000	206106	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2009	400000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2008	181092-200000	IDMC 2008
2007	200000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006	431153	IDMC 2006
2005	381924	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2007	1	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	9	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	1.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	1.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	1.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	1.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	6.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	7.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	7.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	6.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	6.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	1.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	2.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	1.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

NGO latest

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